Skip to content
Research pages

Methodology

Review states

Records carry one of four evidence states: documented activity, possible AI use, no documented activity, or structure only and not yet reviewed. Not yet reviewed is the most common. It means the institution is in the frame because the master list put it there and no search has been run against it. It is not a claim that the institution does not use generative AI. That claim is “no documented activity”, and it is only made once a search has reached the institution, whether or not that search recorded a result.

Possible AI use means the search did not settle whether the institution uses generative AI. Usually it found pages that might point to generative-AI use and none that establish it, and those pages are listed on the record. It also covers a search that stopped before reaching a conclusion but still recorded a result, which may have no pages to list. It is not a finding.

An institution whose search reached a conclusion with no page recording generative-AI use is published as no documented activity, even when one of the pages could not be read. So is one reached by a run that recorded no result at all.

The second figure on the homepage counts documented activity and possible AI use together. Possible AI use is not a finding, so that figure says how many institutions have documented or possible generative-AI use, not how many use it.

The third figure on the homepage, documented use cases, counts every finding recorded across all institutions. An institution with several findings is counted once for each, and findings are not deduplicated.

Until 25 August 2026 these states were published differently, and 386 institutions were affected. Each had been published as no documented activity, which on this site asserts that a search was run and found nothing. For those 386 the search had not established that. Some had been assessed as unclear by the pipeline and the assessment was lost when the results were loaded; for the rest the run did not finish. From 25 August they were published as unclear. Of those, any the pipeline had judged “no” on every page it could read, though the run did not finish, are now published as no documented activity, as described above. The error was found by hand, during checks made before a later load, and it had been present since the first one.

Nothing was searched again, and no finding was added, removed or revised. The number of institutions with documented activity did not change, and neither did the number screened: the correction moved 386 records from a stronger claim to a weaker one, and described the same evidence correctly. The About page commits that absence of evidence is shown as absence and never as a negative finding, and for these records the site had not been keeping that commitment.

A project by researchers at Stanford University, Northwestern University, and the University of Rochester. · © 2026 G3O Project. Data CC BY 4.0, code MIT. · Contact